Sri Lanka is renowned for its rich and diverse gemstone deposits, making it one of the world's most important gem-producing countries. The country's gem industry has a history spanning over 2,000 years, with some of the finest gems being discovered here. The most famous gem-producing area in Sri Lanka is Ratnapura, often referred to as the "City of Gems," but other regions like Elahera, Balangoda, and Okkampitiya also contribute to the gem trade.

Blue Sapphire (Ceylon Sapphire): The most famous gemstone from Sri Lanka, known for its vibrant blue color and exceptional clarity. The cornflower blue variety is especially prized.

Star Sapphire: A type of sapphire that exhibits a star-like phenomenon called asterism. These are highly valued for their unique appearance.

Ruby: While less common than sapphires, Sri Lankan rubies are known for their deep red color and brilliance.

Alexandrite: A rare and valuable gemstone that changes color depending on the lighting, typically from green in daylight to red under incandescent light.

Cat's Eye Chrysoberyl: Recognizable by its distinct, sharp ray of light that moves across the stone, resembling a cat's eye.

Spinel: Found in a range of colors, including red, blue, pink, and purple. Sri Lankan spinels are especially valued for their clarity and vibrant hues.

Topaz, Garnet, Zircon, and Tourmaline: Sri Lanka also produces these and other semi-precious stones in various colors and qualities.

The majority of Sri Lankan gems are mined from alluvial deposits, using traditional mining methods that have been passed down through generations. Miners dig shafts and tunnels to extract gem-bearing gravel, which is then washed and sorted by hand. This artisanal approach ensures minimal environmental impact and preserves the natural beauty of the gem-rich regions.

Gemstones hold a significant place in Sri Lankan culture, symbolizing wealth, status, and spiritual protection. The gem industry is also a vital part of the country's economy, contributing to export earnings and providing livelihoods for many communities involved in mining, cutting, and trading.

Sri Lanka's gemstones are highly sought after in international markets for their quality, color, and craftsmanship. The country has built a reputation as a leading supplier of fine gemstones, with its blue sapphires being particularly coveted by jewelers and collectors worldwide.